Revenue Allocation Among The Three Tiers Of Government In Nigeria

IntroductionRevenue allotment is one of the Constitutional elements of the Revenue Mobilization Allocation and Fiscal Commission. In particular, Part I, Paragraph 32 of the Third Schedule to the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, which expresses that the Commission is to â€Å"review, every now and then, the income assignment formulae and standards in activity to guarantee similarity with evolving real factors. Given the any income recipe which has been acknowledged by an Act of the National Assembly will stay in power for a time of at least five years for the initiation of the Act† Nigeria arrangement of government has three levels to be specific, Federal, State and Local Governments.Each level has its own protected obligations. What's more, in a circumstance where the assignment of expense powers makes an asset awkwardness among the partners, it requires the requirement for a plan to apportion halfway gathered income with the goal that income and improveme nt could spread equally all through the nation. This is showed in the Nigerian case, where progressively rewarding charges are constrained by the Federal Government.Fiscal FederalismFiscal federalism is an arrangement of tax assessment and open use wherein income raising forces and power over use are vested in different degrees of government inside a country, going from the national government to the littlest unit of neighborhood government (Anyafo, 1996). Essentially, monetary federalism accentuates on how incomes are raised and designated to various degrees of government for improvement. There is the issue of how to distribute income to various levels of government according to the intrinsically relegated functions.The harshness between financial limit of different degrees of government and their use duties, the non-correspondence issue, is a striking component of the Nigerian bureaucratic fund. There is additionally the issue of how income ought to be shared among the states and neighborhood committees. As per the asset allotment capacity of the administration, income is distributed to unifying units of a nation for financial turn of events, in any case called monetary federalism. Nigeria’s monetary federalism has exuded from chronicled, financial, political, topographical, social, and social elements. In these, monetary game plans remain aâ controversial issue in assigning distributable pool account (DPA) of the organization since 1946 (Ekpo, 2004).

Trying to Learn How to Write a Paper? Try Out the Article Button

Trying to Learn How to Write a Paper? Try Out the Article ButtonAlthough in my experience, the best way to write a paper is to go over the ideas that you had during your brainstorming session. With that being said, I can't help but think that if you are looking for a great writing exercise, one you can use without much effort, then I suggest that you try to read a good article by using the various buttons. The best thing about using the article button is that you can get around from wherever you happen to be without having to type in the address of where you are currently staying at.Writing an article about an article, to be specific, isn't a new technique. Using articles to write papers has been used in the past and continues to be used today. One of the benefits of this technique is that it isn't hard to learn and quite often, there is no need to learn how to write an article. If you don't feel like you are at the point where you can write a paper on your own, then perhaps it would be a good idea to give this technique a try.Another reason for trying this technique is that it doesn't require a lot of effort to learn. If you are new to writing, you may think that learning how to write an article would be very difficult, but to be honest, all it takes is a few minutes of reading and clicking around until you see what you want. When you do find the section that you want to click, keep clicking until the writing style fits.Some people believe that writing a paper isn't the same as reading a paper. While it is true that the two can be viewed as similar, they are actually two different things. If you feel that you can't even get a hang of reading the paper, then maybe you shouldn't be thinking about writing a paper.To effectively learn how to write a paper, you need to look at it as you would view a book. You don't want to take notes of a book and then try to write a paper out of that. You also won't be able to read a book and then attempt to write a paper out of t hat either.The goal with this technique is to find a style that will be easy to write and an easy way to read. You don't want to write any words that will take up too much of your time to write out. You also don't want the paper to be too long because you might just quit.Of course, the problem with this technique is that there are only a few styles that you can choose from. Not every style will work for every paper that you want to write. This isn't always a big problem though, because most of the styles can be found online.Although there are several styles of writing a paper that you can choose from, some aren't necessarily better than others. In fact, you can find many great styles on the internet. Just be sure that you know your choices before you pick one.

UNDER ARMOUR

UNDER ARMOUR Under Armour Home›Marketing Posts›Under Armour Marketing PostsINTRODUCTIONPromotion is a very vital component that every business should adopt for success in its operations. The company that is covered in this article is Under Armour and in this session, the focus is based on a comprehensive analysis of the promotion mix. The promotion mix will involve the analysis of the direct marketing, public relations, sale promotion, and advertising together with the communication mix.UNDER ARMOUR: Mission statement The mission of Under Armour is to ensure that they are able to provide the world   with products that are advanced technically, whose engineering is enhanced through superior construction of the fabric, fashionable management of the moisture and innovation that is proven (Under Armour, 2007).ProductsThe under Armour products are aimed at providing catering to men, women as well as young athletes of all levels, size and shape. The products offered are limited to three major appa rel lines that are consistent of HotGear for competition during the hot weather, ColdGear for cold weather together with AllSeasonGear which are specially designed to adapt to both weather. Limited athletic footwear are also offered including the football cleats. Recently, Under Armour has been on a mission geared towards creation of other footwear types specifically for other sporting activities. With the new line of product in place, there is hope that Under Armour will be able to compete at all the levels and aspects.Competitors In the market of sports apparel has been characterized with competition which has over has been dominant in this retail industry for more than 20 years (Mercurio, 2009). The major competitors in this industry are inclusive of Adidas, Columbia Sportswear and Nike. These companies have been listed in many records as the strongest competitors to Under Armour. The foundation of Nike is dated back to 1972 whereas Adidas foundation dates back to 1924. It is obv ious that the period that these competitors have been in business is long together with the market experience by far exceeds that of Under Armour in the industry, based on its foundation which is in 1996 (Under Armour, 2007. There is in addition a striking similarity in the type of products that are carried by each company. In all these companies, they manufacture shirts that are “moisture- wicking”, various clothing for athletic use together with athletic shoe lines. In addition, the pricing is very similar; factors that have resulted in a very strong rivalry in the sports apparel companies. The intensification of this rivalry has been commensurate with the increase in the competitor number. There is a similarity in all these companies which are all in the apparel industry making Under Armour to operate in an industry characterized with intensive competition.Competitive advantage The Under Armour competitive advantage is enhanced by the company’s strong will for innovativenes s through which it is able to come up with new products ahead of the competitors. This does not mean that these competitors do not make effort to catch up, however, by the time they try to catch up, the company comes up with another innovative idea through which it is able to stay ahead in the market. For instance, initially, Under Armour has been involved in designing a fabric through use of a combination of elastane and polyester through which the moisture would be kept out of the body. The initial outcome was market domination depicting a competitive advantage. However, this technology was countered by Nike introduction of Dri-FIT technology. This competition was maintained a stiff level and in the process acted as a barrier to the new small companies entrants into the market, therefore creating a territory where the market can be dominated by only a few industrial giants.Therefore, as noted above, the innovation enhances Under Armour to grow ahead of the competitors. Whereas the large competitors have a high recognition in the market, the selling of their products is mainly based on the name of the company. However, entering of Under Armour into this competitive is not very strongly attributed to its name but to the products performance and quality. Through incorporation of the existing skills of the company as well as the know-how on technology, they have the opportunity of entering new lines of the product.TARGET MARKET AND PRODUCT STRATEGYTarget market Under Armour target market is inclusive of the children, youths and adults that are physically fit. The new strategy is driving the company into exploring new markets in which it can be able to sell its products. With the ambition of succeeding on the soccer front in Western Europe, Under Armour is considering targeting Asia and South America in marketing its soccer cleat. Whereas it factual that the competitor Adidas holds the European soccer market, there is a representation of a growing market in South America and Asia, a market that is targeted by Under Armour based on the fact that there is no strong preference in the products from America. Therefore, the new target market that is spelling another dawn for Under Armour is the soccer clubs.Product categoriesUnder Armour has developed many products which enhance its ability to differentiate from the competitors. Through the incorporation of the LockerTag technology that was created by Plank (the initiator of Under Armour), one of the product categories of the company’s products is developed. This is aimed at offering a solution to the athlete apparel problem of getting a mix up in the locker room. In addition, other products that are created by Under Armour are; Cold Gear, Heat Gear together with AllSeason Gear. These categories are designed to ensure that the consumers are kept cold during the warm weather, warm during the cold weather as well as maintaining their comfort during all the weather types. In each of the gear line, a choice is also provided between three types of fit; lose, fit and compression. Through specializing on a specific line of products therefore enhancing expertise, Under Armour has been able to maintain a competitive advantage over the competitors. The company clearly knows the market that it is targeting and goes ahead to design the specific products that will maximize satisfaction to these consumers.DISTRIBUTION STRATEGYDistribution logisticsIn order to be able to explore the areas in the world that have not been tapped, a company has to explore ways through which the distribution logistics can be improved (Thompson et al., 2007). Majority of the Under Armour products are packaged and distributed through two facilities of distribution that are located in Maryland, Glen Burnie. The high bay facility is the first distribution facility that was built in 2000. The second high bay facility was manufactured in 2003 in which 200,000 square feet is occupied by the company. Through these distribution facilities, the company is able to meet its needs in the short run. The products of Under Armour are in addition distributed in Europe through a provider of third party logistics that is based in Tilburg.Physical facilityIn order to facilitate the production and retailing of the products, a retailer’s physical facility is usually very essential. Under Armour have an office in Hong Kong which not only acts as the retail outlet bot also supports the efforts of sourcing, manufacturing together with quality assurance. In addition, the China office is used for the purpose of providing support to quality assurance in the effort to develop the high quality footwear products. The Maryland distribution facility is readily available to the customers who have specific needs. In this retail shop, there is a stock of various fabrics and various colors which in addition assists in building and shipment of the products that are on strict deadlines. Through these stores, a competitiv e advantage is enhanced to the company through ensuring it has the ability to provide a specialized service to the customers.PROMOTION STRATEGYPromotion mixMarketing communication mix: Through the marketing mix, a specific combination of tools is provided through which Under Armour has been able to meet its communication objectives in marketing. According to Christ (2011), these tools are inclusive of are inclusive of personal sales, sales promotion, direct marketing, advertisement together with public relations. In Under Armour, public relations, direct marketing, advertisement together with sales promotion are employed in the process of communicating its product to the consumers.Advertising: There are various approaches that are used by Under Armour in advertisement of its products. Through advertisement, there is paid presentation which is utilized in the communication mix of marketing (Riley, 2010). The main approach that Under Armour uses in advertisement in commercials is the television. However, Under Armour had not commenced its first advertisement in television until the year 2001, six years after its foundation. In addition to use of television as its primary advertisement source, it has also utilized the bill boards and magazines. As evident, Under Armour primarily targets the football players in its marketing based on the use of slogans on advertisement such as ‘Click- Clack”. In addition, there is an official websites that Under Armour together with catalogs for sporting goods.Direct marketing: Through the use of direct marketing, Under Armour is able to communicate with its customers coupled with enticing them through the website to place orders for their merchandise. Mainly, what is used by Under Armour is direct mail, email, together with catalogs to enhance direct marketing interaction with the customers. In addition, the customers can place a request for a catalog through the website, which is simply done through ensuring that the address and name of the customer is put on the website. Under Armour customers are in addition given the option of leaving their address to ensure the company frequently updates them on the promotions and news (Under Armour, 2007).Sales promotion: Under Armour least uses sales promotion when in comparison to the other approaches. Even though sales promotion is usually not highly used by Under Armour in its product sale, there are subtle things that are used by Under Armour that can be compared to promotions. One of the approaches that have been used is that of free shipment for the goods ordered through the website. In most cases, this promotional opportunity is highly used based on the fact that it is very easy for the Under Armour shoppers to have such an expenditure online, if certain sports items are needed by them. In addition, if the customers place frequent orders online, it is possible for them being sent rebates and coupons during the next purchases. In the outlets of retail, poin ts of purchase promotion are very common, which characteristically is usually on the store merchandise and not products of under Armour; to be specific.Public relations: Through this promotion approach, relationships are created and maintained with the publics, and great effort made by Under Armour is aimed at public relations utilization. What Under Armour aims at specifically maintaining is a relationship that is positive with the stakeholders. On the Under Armour website, there is a link through which the stakeholders are able to track the company’s performance. Maintenance of stakeholder relations that is of quality is important with an aim of making sure that there is a continuous supply of funds to the company by these stakeholders. The transferred information is inclusive of the press releases, quarterly reports, stock prices together with the company standings financially. This is aimed at ensuring that the company can maintain a relationship characterized with trust to th e public. Based on the fact that the company information is released in a consistent and voluntary manner, trust has been built and maintained with the stake holders.The strategy of promotion mix: A pull strategy is used by Under Armour, implying a bottom down pull of the product demand. Little assistance is required by the customers in their decision to purchase. The assumption is that the consumers already know how to use the products that they are looking for. Therefore, no assistance will be required in the decision to purchase. In relation to this strategy, substantial advertisement is used with an aim of promoting the product. In addition, the advertisements will be done through the websites and magazines.Competitive advantage Basically, the footwear and performance athletics market is characterized with rapid competition; which is inclusive of new competitors together with the competition coming from the companies that are already well established; that are seeking expansion for their production. The major competitive advantage of Under Armour over one of its major rivals; Colombia Sportswear is its large size, great potential financially together with being well enriched with resources, marketing and distribution. In addition, the strong customer recognition and operation under the economies of scale has enabled Under Armour to operate ahead of Colombia Sportswear. Besides, Under Armour has established a long term relationship with the main customers and as a result, this company has been better equipped than its competitor in inducing the preferences of the consumers through; quick adaptation to the customer needs changes, being opportunistic of the acquisitions, adoption of pricing policies that are appropriate and resources devotion to their products sale and marketing; inclusive of major advertisements, endorsement of products and media placement.PRICING STRATEGY Pricing strategy and tacticsVarious issues are usually considered in the pricing strat egy. The strategy is aimed at revenue maximization in the long run. Setting of price is done with a careful consideration of the competitors and for Under Armour, the price is mainly been maintained at the mid-range. Nike, being a more experienced competitor in the market has adopted the lower range pricing strategy through which its prices are relatively cheap in comparison to those of Under Armour and Columbia Sportswear which is also another major competitor. There is however maintenance of a price differentiation between the competitors’ products and in most cases, there are times when the prices are usually at the highest levels between the two competitors (Under Armour and Columbia Sportswear).In the process of determining the price of a product, the price adaptation by the customer is usually considered by the company because through this approach, there is enhancement of developing long term customers as well as success in the referral program (NetMBA, 2008). For competiti ve pricing establishment, cumulative quantity discount is adopted together with special discounts on shipment to encourage the customers into placing orders for more purchases. Price adaptation has also enabled Under Armour to become successful in the business growth based on the number of customers together with the profitability.Integration The process of integration for Under Armour began being non- existent based on the fact that the Plank (the founder) has pondered the company’s idea. To enhance implementation of the adopted system, the company has in the past had to integrate the employees with other firms to ensure that its projects are finished in a manner that is timely. Through the incorporation of the technology, it has been possible for the company to form integration with the sales, finance, distribution and production associates. With the company’s direction being headed for the future, there is a possibility of even more integration in the company. As the expansio n spreads to other countries, exploration is done on how distribution logistics can be enhanced in these areas. CONCLUSIONTo Under Armour, a lot of importance is not given to personal sales and public relations when it comes to the promotion mix. Although there is indication of Under Armour Representatives holding conferences, there has been a release of the future advertisement through television but not much has been announced in relation to the products of the company. In addition, the use of face to face sales by under Armour is aimed at ensuring that more customers are attracted to the products of the company, therefore making personal sales not to be a very appropriate tool. Through the incorporation of the competitive advantage as well as the competency, Under Armour has a high potential of emerging as a leader in this market. This competitive advantage can be enhanced in design, manufacturing and development of apparel that are characterized with high quality.

Ciceros Case Against Verres - Literature Essay Samples

Many of Cicero’s points are cleverly structured so as to provide the most convincing attack on Verres, for example when he discusses Verres’ behaviour in Aspendos he begins by describing how â€Å"nullum te Aspendi signum†¦reliquisse† (You have left no statue in Aspendos) which gives his audience a vague impression of Verres and his thieving habits that is not easy to take seriously on its own, since it is such a great claim. However he then develops this by referring to specific examples of what Verres has stolen – the statue of the cithara player and the gold in Diana’s shrine in Perge – which, since they are more detailed and therefore more plausible than Cicero’s claim that Verres seized every statue in Aspendos, add weight to his original accusation, since they confirm his reputation as a thief and blacken his character, especially since stealing from Diana’s shrine required what Cicero describes as â€Å"tanta audaci a† (outrageous boldness), implying that since Verres was daring enough to steal from a goddess, he was daring enough to have emptied Aspendos of statues. Therefore, Cicero structures his speech well to turn what could have been a weak point that came across as a hyperbolic claim into a convincing, well-supported attack on Verres. Cicero’s case is also convincing because of the proof he offers of the existence of Verres’ copious amounts of statues – he refers to the time when Verres’ possessions decorated the forum, and to the many eyewitnesses that confirm this, as both â€Å"populo Romano† (the Roman people) and â€Å"legati ex Asia atque Achaia plurimi† (very many legates from Asia and Achaea) saw Verres’ display of statues – and, more importantly, he also proves that Verres’ had not bought a single one of his statues by examining his accounts (from when he kept them); these accounts are so incriminating for Verres that Cicero is able to challenge him to â€Å"Vnum ostende in tabulis aut tuis aut patris tui emptum esse† (show that, in your accounts or in your father’s accounts, you have bought one). Therefore, Cicero offers evidence of both the multitude of Verres’ statues and the fact that he hasn’t bought them, ther eby directly implying that he must have plundered them; this part of his case is objectively solid and would suffice in a modern law court. Cicero’s mocking tone for example his sarcastic comment that Verres was â€Å"quidem in Achaiam, Asiam, Pamphyliam sumptu publico†¦mercator signorum†¦missus est† (of course sent to Achaea, to Asia, to Pamphylia at public expense as a merchant of statues), which comes a response to Verres’ claim that he did pay for his statues, and his description of how Verres stopped keeping his accounts as â€Å"ridiculum† (ridiculous) – is an underlying factor that further discredits Verres and augments Cicero’s case. However, the part of Cicero’s speech that completely fails to convince me is when he discusses Verres’ stay in Lampsacus. Although Cicero’s description of Philodamus’ treatment at Rubrius’ hands is undeniably terrible – â€Å"aqua ferventi†¦perfunditur† (drenched with boiling water) is a disgraceful way for a host to be treated by his guest – he only manages to vaguely imply that Verres himself was present at the banquet, and when the speech is closely read, Cicero’s whole argument seems weak; it becomes clear that Verres didn’t personally do anything to harm Philodamus, and everything that Cicero claims to attempt to imply that he was responsible for what happened – ordering for Rubrius to be lodged with Philodamus in order to â€Å"viam munire ad stuprum† (pave the road to rape) – are completely unsupported. When one considers that the whole occurrence could have been caused by a cultura l misunderstanding – Rubrius expecting more extravagant entertainment than what Philodamus had provided and calling in his daughter to make up for this – that got out of hand due to Rubrius’ hot-headedness and what they had been drinking, Cicero’s argument seems especially weak. The only parts of it that are reasonably effective are his allegations that Verres insisted on a journey that was â€Å"mages ad quaestum suum quam ad rei publicae tempus† (more to his own advantage tham for the advantage of the Republic), that he may have had â€Å"indomitas cupiditates atque effrenatas† (untamed and unbridled lusts) and that his companions were â€Å"nequissimis turpissimisque hominibus† (the most worthless and most shameful men). All these points are completely tangential to the case, which concerns Verres’ thefts, and the last one is rather unsurprising, since Cicero has already blackened Verres’ character at every opportunit y, so it loses some of its impact. This part of the speech is anything but convincing. The other flaw in the speech is that it could easily be considered over-extravagant. A great example of this is when Cicero condemns Verres for treating allied cities worse than generals treated enemy cities, since he would have carried off their ‘signa atque ornamenta’ (statues and ornaments) not to ‘tuam domum’ (your house) but to ‘Roman in publicam’ (to Rome, to public places). This a perfectly good point, but its impact is somewhat lessened by the immense extent to which Cicero supports it; he uses no less than five (detailed) examples of famous generals to prove that the spoils of enemy cities were indeed (on the most part) used for the benefit of the Roman people, a fact which his audience would have most likely been familiar with. However, Cicero also feels compelled to offer a ‘recens exemplum’ (recent example) of a victorious general – Publius Servilius – just to remove any concerns that his audience might hav e of the first five general’s behaviour being something from the past. Although there is nothing inherently wrong with the support that he gives his original point, it is so extensive that it starts to feel tangential and makes this part of his argument come across as bloated. Stylistically, Cicero’s case is well-constructed and convincing. For example, he uses superlatives such as ‘prenissimum’ (very full) and totalising expressions like ‘omnia’ (everything) and ‘nullum’ (none) throughout his speech to add great emphasis to his points. He uses epanalepsis throughout the speech as well, repeating ‘externae nationae’ (foreign nations) and ‘sociorum et amicorum’ (friends and allies) to continuously attack Verres by reminding his audience of the damage that he caused to Rome’s alliances. He often addresses Verres as ‘te’ (you), and refers to him as ‘ille’ (that man) to make his speech seem direct and accusatory, making it easy to be convinced by its confident tone. This is occasionally coupled with polyptoton (for example ‘tu†¦tuis†¦tuorum’) to make the speech even more direct. Therefore, Cicero’s speech is stylistically writt en so as to be both engaging and convincing, since these fine touches support the argument as a whole. Overall, Cicero’s case against Verres is a convincing attack; he completely succeeds in blackening his character and generally discrediting him, so that it is very easy to believe that he would have been guilty of the charges of his actions in Sicily. It is a pity that the Lamapsacus section is so weak in comparison to the rest of the speech, since it makes Cicero seem slightly desperate to throw as many accusations as possible at Verres, which is unnecessary and could have been easily avoided. It is unreasonable to criticise Cicero’s speech as one would if it had been read out in a modern court, since he wrote it in order to win his case in a Roman court; if he had been asked to prosecute Verres in a court today, then his speech would have been written very differently, but as he wrote his speech so as to make it as successful as possible – by the criteria of his time – it is hard not to overlook its flaws and applaud him.

Edgar Allan Poe A Signature Writing Style - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1364 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/06/26 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Edgar Allan Poe Essay Did you like this example? When discussing the origins of Americas most famous genres, the birth of detective fiction is stated to be one of the most prevalent. While discussing the origins of this prolific genre, some historical names tend to come to mind. Names like Edgar Allan Poe and Agatha Christie usually fill readers minds. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Edgar Allan Poe: A Signature Writing Style" essay for you Create order E.F. Bleiler states that , The modern detective story begins with Edgar Allan Poe (3). His influence on other writers, and distinct techniques made him, and his pieces like The Raven and The Cask of Amontillado, ones to be admired for centuries to come. As Poe rose to fame in the literary world, his childhood played an interesting role in his adult life. Only one year after Poe was born, he was left by his father. His mother died only one year after that leaving Edgar an orphan in Richmond, Virginia (Heller 2). These hardships can explain why Poe tended to write in the dark style and tone he did. Throughout Edgar Allan Poes short life, some signature writing techniques have intertwined with his dark demeanor, creating eerie and unsettling stories that are enjoyed by people of all backgrounds. His works have been so successful that some have called him, The Father of Detective Fiction. As Poe wrote his gut-wrenching masterpieces, he managed to inadvertently create techniques and improv[e] on such elements as he borrowed, but with his remarkable structural sense worked out a viable form that served as a model for thousands of successors (Bleiler 2). With these elements, he derived many distinctive and important terms involved in detective fiction. E.F. Bleiler states again , Poe added at least seven new elements of overwhelming importance. These are the stooge narrator, the eccentric detective, the complete outsider as detective, the armchair detective, reader participation in a puzzle, ratiocination or precise analytical reasoning, and a calculus of probabilities as a tool for cutting through conflicting evidence (3). All of these innovative and unique terms play in unison throughout Poes pieces, giving the reader new perspectives and points of view. By simply generating new writing perspectives and logical thinking techniques, Poes structured writing style is mirrored by new artists each and every day. Some notable elements discussed by E.F. are the creation of the eccentric narrator, precise analytical reasoning and the armchair detective.These three elements are most important because they are used most abundantly. The eccentric narrator is derived from the idea that the narrator telling the story is unique or unconventional in some sort of way. This is seen all throughout Poes pieces, like how odd the encounters with the narrator are in The Cask of Amontillado and The Tell-Tale Heart. While discussing The Tell-Tale Heart, precise analytical reasoning can be seen in reverse as the main character contemplates what he has done, and eventually confesses to murdering someone and hiding his remains under the floorboards. Although some of the main characters reasoning was insane, he still used precise analytical reasoning to come to his final conclusion within the story. In summation, this means Poe used a logical writing style to describe the plot and what the narrator was portraying to the reader. The armchair detective is a narrator who examines a mystery, but not in a direct way. Information is either gathered by another character, newspaper, or some other visual format. In The Raven, information is gathered by a raven and conveyed to the lonely lover. This example shows the portrayal of information indirectly through non-human interaction. Another example would be a detective looking at documents or records and coming to a conclusion based solely off of written information and no physical contact. While dark tones and unsettling moods could ultimately sum up Edgar Allan Poes writing, his connection of style to both setting and character creation/description is what truly makes him stand out from other detective fiction writers of his time like Agatha Christie. Poe uses the setting and characters as tools to help solidify his storyline and parallel the main focus of the piece. For example, in The Tell-Tale Heart, the fact that such a horrific thing like a dead body is under such an unstable thing like a floorboard, it shows the connection that the narrators mind is unstable like a loose floorboard, and there is evil and insanity within him. Bomarito writes, Aside from a common theoretical basis, there is a psychological intensity that is characteristic of Poes writings, especially the tales of horror that comprise his best and best-known works (2). In Poes most famous works, the setting is almost always in parallel to the mood and or tone of the story. In The Cask of Amontilla do, the dark nature of the nderground tombs directly related to the dark undertones of the storyline. Bomarito continues, These stories†which include The Black Cat (1843) The Cask of Amontillado (1846) and The Tell-Tale Heart (1843) (2) are some of Poes best-known works. Another example of Edgar Allan Poes dark tone in relation to the main character(s) is the constant recurrence of insanity. In The Raven, the narrator is visited by a raven who eventually drives him mad as he mourns the loss of his lover. The main character in The Tell-Tale Heart also seems to lose grip of his sanity as he claims he hears the heartbeat of the man he killed underneath the floorboards. The constant recurrence of insanity and darkness mixed with alcohol and a rough childhood made a rough life for Poe. Regardless of the odds against him, Poe is considered to be the Father of Detective Fiction by many acclaimed critics. Gerald Strauss writes, Poes The murders in the rue morguewhich takes place in Paris, as do his other mystery storiesis the seminal work from which all subsequent detective fiction descends (1). No matter what source you acquire information from, Edgar Allan Poe is sure to be listed as one of the most influential detective fiction novelists ever. Heller adds, Poes achievements may be measured in terms of what he has contributed to literature and of how his work influenced later culture (1). James Werner also states, the birth of the modern crime-mystery-detective story can be traced back to the 1841 publication of the short story Murders in the Rue Morgue (2). By simply affecting as many people as he did and does respectively, Edgar Allan Poe is without question considered the father of detective fiction. Having a generational impact is truly something to be admired. By going out and taking risks, he paved the way for younger authors to go out, be bold, and write about how they feel. Influence paired with his elements of importance convey his importance to the genre of detective fiction. As Poes life came to a deteriorating end, his grip on the detective fiction genre will forever hold tight. One can argue that it wasnt Poe who mended detective fiction, but it was the people of the time. In contrast to the pure detective story, which is written and read in most Western countries, the hardboiled detective novel is distinctly and exclusively an American form (Schopen 3). Poe also could potentially be writing stories of a dark style because he enjoys it, not because of his rough past. Although this is playing the devils advocate, it is highly likely that Poes childhood led to problems he had in his adult life. The culture of the early 1800s is crucial when talking about Poes parents as well. Both of his parents were actors when actors were not considered cool (1). His lack of parenting and constant overseeing changes until Allan (his guardian) came, made his life unique, which then translated into his writing style. Poes use of techniques is not specifically designed ju st for detective fiction, but for any writing style as a whole. This is another reason that describes why Poes grip is still firm and forever will be in the detective fiction community. James Werner writes again, [Poe] have entertained countless young readers in the past 150 years, and attracted enormous critical attention (2). Edgar Allan Poe has shaped detective writing for future generations to come. His influence and intellect were so prevalent that he is admired to this day as students all over the nation, and world, read his pieces.

Gun Control And The Second Amendment - 1850 Words

Whenever the Second Amendment is discussed, gun control is usually the focus of the discussion due to the connections that gun control and the Second Amendment have. Although the Second Amendment protects the individual right to firearms, the unlimited right is not. America was founded through guns, using their own arms to fight the British in order to gain independence, making it natural for America to be heavily focused on guns. However, many people have abused the weapon, making the controversial topic of gun control a reality. On the one hand, the pro gun control side believe that more lives are taken rather than saved by guns, thus making some form of gun control necessary. Less guns in an area theoretically means less deaths, along†¦show more content†¦Moreover, Brandi Graham, a lobbyist for the NRA claimed that more lives are saved from guns than taken. Across 11 state prisons, a 1984 survey on male felons found that 34% claimed that they have been wounded or shot at by the victim who defended themselves with a firearm(Wright). When it concerns the economics of gun control, the pro gun control side believe that the loopholes of purchasing a gun illegally are one of the main factors in the crime rates, and that because of this, trace data should be released. One thing both sides may agree on is that there are many flaws in the process of purchasing guns. Around 40 percent of gun owners have not been through a background check. Obtaining guns illegally is not necessarily through a direct purchase of them. Kelly Sampson explained that the two main methods of illegal purchases are the obvious black market, where guns are sold illegally to potential malicious users. However, straw purchasing is another method of obtaining guns illegally, where a person who is allowed to purchase guns, buys a gun with no problem, but later gives that gun to the illegal user. According to ATF director Bradley Buckles, â€Å"Virtually every crime gun in the United States starts off as a legal firearm.† However, it is difficu lt to determine the effect it has on crime due to trace data not being available to the public. This frustration is expressed by Kelly Sampson, who claimed that if the traceShow MoreRelatedGun Control And The Second Amendment1391 Words   |  6 Pages In the Constitution, the second amendment gives the American people to have the right to possess and bear arms. This amendment has been the most controversial issue since guns have been around. Issues such as gun control and gun ownership have remained a matter of debate and have been floating around in Congress. It has been rumored that Congress is forced to draft certain legislation in order to come up with a law against unlawful use of arms, and only owning them for safety purposes. When it comesRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesThe second amendment has always been deeply rooted in the American culture and constitution. The amendment states A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. Being able to protect ourselves, gives us Americans a peace of mind, but now-a-days people are thinking otherwise. Being able to access a firearm so easily without a thorough deep background/mental health check is un-nerving. In the last twoRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment1179 Words   |  5 Pages13 colonies. The Second Amendment has been up for many debates, especially in the recent light of mass shootings in the US. But does the entire removal and ban of firearms really work? Gun control and the second amendment has been a never ending conflict between politicians. As we look further into gun control there are more draw backs for the citizens than benefits. The Second Amendment was ratified to the US Constitution on December 17, 1791 by Congress. The Second Amendment states â€Å"A well-regulatedRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment1166 Words   |  5 Pagesterrible about the Second Amendment; because pro-gun zealots use the Second Amendment to protect their immoral actions, but this is their twisted and corrupted interpretation on the meaning and intent of the Amendment because this is in no way the original premise of the Second Amendment. The right to bear arms laid out in the Second Amendment is just because guns are weapons for self-defense. Precautions are taken on gun control, such as keeping a permanent record of all gun sales, requiring a licenseRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesGuns, Guns, Guns. In today’s news Gun Control, has become a controversial topic. I have heard many people say that, â€Å"Guns don’t kill people, people kill people†. So, do we need gun control? People talk because they have mouths, they don’t know the extent about gun violence. About half of the country’s population is for / against gun control. Consistently, the media outlets are reporting shootings, that is accidental or intentional whichever way it is trending across the United States. Stronger gunRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment994 Words   |  4 Pagescrimes take place every second and there is nothing we can do about it. Not only that, but, with the dramatic rise in mass shootings in our nation comes a compelling division between political and legal agendas predicated on the Second Amendment. I want to emphasize that every single crime is violent whether is involves a handgun, knife or nothing at all. Everyone in our nation knows the law and it is the offenders choices to break it and harm others. With that being said, guns dont kill people, butRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment Essay1981 Words   |  8 Page s Gun Control has been a controversy for as long as people can remember. This Controversy has increased recently due to the mass shootings taken place all over the United States. Gun control has its pros and cons, Some believe â€Å"Gun control laws state that the Second Amendment was intended for militias; that gun violence would be reduced; that gun restrictions have always existed; and that a majority of Americans, including gun owners, support new gun restrictions.†While others say that the SecondRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment922 Words   |  4 PagesGun control has been a long debate to determine if it’s better to have stricter access to firearms. America is one of the few countries that has gun rights embedded in their constitution. But what makes the US exceptional is that it has the right to keep and bear arms, other countries do not provide the right to have access to them, but rather, the government is allowed to regulate its use. The right to b ear arms has also been the cause of growing violence and crime, at least according to anti-gunRead MoreGun Control and the Second Amendment2364 Words   |  10 PagesThe Second Amendment to the Constitution says, â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed† (Agresti, 2009, para. 2). Based on a simple reading of this, it would seem that people do have the right to own and use firearms. So why are so many people trying to ban guns? Maybe it is because they do not understand what the Second Amendment actually means. Maybe it is because the media only reportsRead MoreThe Second Amendment And Gun Control928 Words   |  4 Pagesothers’ view of our own person are sometimes just as or more important. In reference to the Second Amendment and gun control, the author, Saul Cornell, makes a case for how sometimes every group can think they are the ones in the right, but at the same time, every group can ultimately be in the wrong. It is important to think of not just right or wrong and the rights given to citizens by the Second Amendment to the Constitution, but to think back deeper into history as well and what helped to found

The Hours And The Awakening By Edna Pontellier And Laura...

A shiny, crisp red fruit hangs enticingly off a lush verdant branch; a sly, seductive serpent and a woman in the nude converse under the sacred tree, and then Eve tentatively reaches up and plucks the juicy crimson fruit, a look of panic only reflected on her face once she realizes the gravity of her decision. She picks the forbidden fruit and her ignorance is ripped away from her like a newspaper on a windy day, and this single act started a trend of succumbing to temptations throughout human history. Even in the novels The Hours and The Awakening, the characters are tempted by someone else or a different idea; however, some of these characters exhibit strong self control and avoid their demise. The fine line between success and failure when it comes to avoiding temptation is most obviously demonstrated by Edna Pontellier and Laura Brown, and these two women showcase the destructive power of seduction and the strength of will it takes to deny the enticement. The allure of the unknow n is not exclusive to the female sex either, many men in the novel also suffer from it, namely Robert Lebrun. The secret snare of temptation is interwoven throughout the stories, and the sliver of thread can be glimpsed between the inky words. Many different types of temptations exist in the world, but one of the most prevalent kinds is the temptation of another human being. The ideal partner, the gold standard of lovers, is a temptation not many can resist. There is some inherent part of the